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The administrative divisions of Chad have often changed since 1900, when the territory was first created by France as part of its colonial empire, with the name ''Territoire Militaire des pays et protectorats du Tchad''.〔S. Decalo (1987); ''Historical Dictionary of Chad'', 2 ed. Metuchen: The Scarecrow Press. ISBN 0-8108-1937-6, pp. 8, 309.〕 The first subdivision took place in 1910, when 9 circonscriptions were made, named ''départements'' (departments) in 1935 and ''régions'' (regions) in 1947. As for the regions, they were further divided in districts.〔B. Lanne (1998); ''Histoire politique du Tchad de 1945 à 1958'', Karthala. ISBN 2-86537-883-7, pp. 11-12〕 In 1960, immediately before independence, the ''régions'' became ''préfectures'' (prefectures), and the districts instead ''sous-prefectures'' (sub-prefectures). The prefectures were in origin 11, later on raising to 14.〔S. Decalo, pp. 30-32〕 In 1999 they were modified in 28 departments; this was ultimately changed in 2002, when 18 regions replaced them.〔 As for the regions, they are divided in departments, while the latter are divided in sub-prefectures.〔 After a series of splits in 2008 the number of regions increased to 22.〔Ordonnance n° 002/PR/08 portant restructuration de certaines collectivités territoriales décentralisées〕 In 2012 Ennedi Region was split into Ennedi-Est and Ennedi-Ouest, producing the current 23 regions. ==History== On September 5, 1900, a decree signed by the French President Émile Loubet officially created the ''Territoire militaire des pays et protectorats du Tchad'' as part of the growing French colonial empire. The new territory was placed under the command of a Commissioner who answered to the High Commissioner of the French Congo (called French Equatorial Africa (AEF) after 1910), of which Chad was a circuscription.〔B. Lanne, pp. 9-11〕 In 1906 Chad was merged with the Oubangui-Chari, becoming an autonomous territory within the ''Oubangui-Chari-Tchad'' colony, suppressed in 1916. In 1920 Chad was placed on an equal standing with the other AEF colonies (i. e. Gabon, Oubangui-Chari and Middle Congo).〔 It was only in 1958, when Chad was granted territorial autonomy, that the country was separated from the AEF.〔B. Lanne, p. 9〕 Two years later Chad was to come full independence under the government of François Tombalbaye and of the Chadian Progressive Party.〔S. Decalo, p. 10〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Administrative divisions of Chad」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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